▋ 一个英语句子之所以很难理解，有很多缘由，其中一个重要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂一般是该句除去主干以外还包括了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面大家来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处置办法。
怎么样处置长难句？
1 找谓语，找定语
通常情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者，大家可以参考谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，假如一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句。如：
People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
【句意】二十一年来，象牙买卖一直被明令禁止，大家担忧削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，致使大象数目降低。
【剖析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，依据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。
2 提主干，去枝叶
通常情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不可以完全把握句子的核心意义，从而致使思维混乱，主次不分。如：
Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.
【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们剖析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产状况。
【剖析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists的定语;from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语;a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语;charting ... 作project 的定语;who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。
3 寻关联，辩逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这类并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。假如大家找准这类关联词，就可以弄了解句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易应对得多了。要学会此办法需要对英语中的容易见到的关联词谙熟于心。如：
Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【句意】你与教授相处是不是融洽对你的自己进步起着要紧有哪些用途，由于这是衡量你是不是尊重权威和服从需要的规范。
【剖析】此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as 引导缘由状语从句，how well 引导从句作介词of 的宾语。
4 看搭配，防分隔
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这类搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：
Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to some degree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.
【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的商品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
【剖析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+ 宾语 + 宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只是宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要依据实质状况灵活运用上述办法，在平常阅读过程中要加大对长句和难句的句法剖析练习。有时要几种办法综合用才能正确理解句意。如：
The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没这类情感。
【剖析】本句的主干为The fact does not mean that ...，其中，that they do not experience emotions 是从句作mean 的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another 为fact 的同位语从句，其中as do members of another 是状语从句，助动词do 坐落于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。
历年高考考试英语长难句50例
剖析长难句对于提升英语阅读水平有着尤为重要有哪些用途，今天推荐历年高考考试英语长难句50例，大伙可以运用上面讲的办法好好读一读、剖析剖析，期望对你有帮助。
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包含一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难点方面获得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了可以在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，目前分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
因为因特网的用法，计算所用的纸张的数目是非常难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人都能对你说，当引进邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来大家对于纸张的日益需要主如果因为因特网愈加多的用法。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键字just about几乎;overtime超时地。
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.
可能，表明电脑及因特网用促进大家对于纸张的需要的最好征兆来自于高科技产业本身，印刷业被觉得是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键字promising有前途的。
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
这个行动组也发现一种大家可同意的纸，制成这种纸的材料不是木料，而是农业废料。
简析：关键字other than而不是。
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.
这类术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，常常会变成不再被说本族语的大家理解的形式。
简析：关键字term术语。
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.
它是目前非常畅销的很多外语书中的一本。
简析：比喻生动形象。
7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
大众传播媒介和政府白皮书在外国词传播过程中起要紧用途。
简析：关键字the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书。
8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!
来自动物医院的故事，将使这个电视节目的喜好者与对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这种宠物有浓厚兴趣的其他人感到开心。
简析：关键字fans…喜好者，whether…or…，无论是…还是…。
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
牛顿被证明是一位非常有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期，他也有普通人所特有些弱点。
简析：夹杂两个定语从句。
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
但对于所有这类以电子方法记录，贮存及传递的文本而言，很多文本仍要在纸上。
简析：关键字text文本;end up最后成为。
11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals in salt Lake City.
据盐湖城的ITA的看法，闪烁的棕色双眼，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的听者，这是最初搞阅读的孩子所需要的。
简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。
12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.
这家盐湖城公共图书馆同意这个看法。
简析：关键字sell on 使同意。
13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，目前是英国，人口数有几百人。
简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。
14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.
他们已有一千多年与外面没联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石像，被叫做莫艾，由于有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。
简析：夹杂有目前分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。
15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.
大家的聚会针对两到十岁的孩子，它们互动感强，富有革新，由于它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的环境。
简析：关键字aim for 针对;in that 由于。
16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.
在这里叙述的这种准备聚会的计划所带有些非常重要的看法在于它能让爸爸妈妈和孩子的关系愈加密切。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。
17. Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才了解在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。
简析：关键字come across碰巧遇到，in one’s honor纪念某人。
18. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.
它是苏珊·汤森德的音乐剧本，依据她畅销的小说改编的。
简析：关键字best-selling 畅销的。
19. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
戈德是对有机食品有兴趣海量购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依靠更多像他那样的购买者，由于他们要增加有机食品买卖。
简析：关键字count on 依靠。
20. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.
地下进步的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种借助地球空间的方法。
简析：关键字rather than 而不是。
21. Those who could were likely to name a woman.
那些可以说出好朋友名字的单身男性，大概说出一个女性的名字。
简析：省略句who could 承前省。
22. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.
通常来讲，女性相互的友谊基于相互推荐情感和支持，但男性间的关系以一同参与社会活动为特点。
简析：关键字rest on 依赖。
23.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior”.
就大多数而言，男性间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会需要是相符合的。
简析：关键字for the most part就大多数而言。
24.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
一个女性最亲密的女人朋友可能是第一个告诉她要离开失败的婚姻;而听见一个男性说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他能否睡在他家的沙发上他才了解他朋友的婚姻已很糟糕，这是非常平时的。
简析：夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。
25. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
假如这样的情况延续下去的话，那样今天的英语将和德语非常相近。
简析：含虚拟语气。
26. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
大家甚至对某些食物有不一样的单词，尤其是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家筹备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。
简析：含对比。
27. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.
当美国人首次游览欧洲时，他们一般发现德国比法国对他们来讲愈加“陌生”，由于他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语愈加不同于英语。
简析： 含比较级句型结构。
28. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.
在他们逗留之后，所有些游客都会收到一份存活证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。
简析：含两个分词短语，关键字state表明。
29.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.
主要的市场原因取决于白领工人的人数增加，这类人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业进步这样快，主要由于白领工每人数的增加。
简析：关键字rest in 依靠。
30. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish.
你不会等很久意味着过不了多长时间你就会收购你的垃圾。
简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。
31. Picturing the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.
设想将来有益于目前和以后的几代人。
简析：关键字picture活用为动词想象，设想。
32. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
做决策像打扑克牌，起用途的不但你如何想的，还包含其他人对你的想法是如何看的与你对其他人对你的怎么看是怎么样考虑的。
简析：含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like, not only…but also…不只…而且…
33. The easy way out isn’t always easiest.
解决问题容易的方法并不是一直最易的。
简析：关键字the way out 解决问题的方法。
34.The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.
炙热的太阳致使面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，好像它在呼吸，它看起来像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。
简析：比喻形象生动。
35. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毕竟，难道这类鬼灵精怪的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台练习吗?
简析：反问句式，语气强烈。
36. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.
父亲，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是75%的美国人天天犯的一个错误。
简析：关键字for a run去跑步。
37.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.
这次峰会是为了纪念尼克松总统访华25周年，尼克松访华是中美关系的转折点。
简析：关键字mark 纪念。
38. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.
不少问题是大学水平，这类小学生可以解答出来。
简析：关键字be of college level 大学水平，figure out解决，解答。
39. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside which stands a 160–foot –tall Tree of Life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之树。
简析：含有两个倒装句。
40. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.
现在的问题是，不少人把其实只须付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是办不到的。
简析：consider后的宾语后置。
41. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.
她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却如此愉快，如此充满了信心，如此用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。
简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。
42. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.
假如他们从电视中的束缚中解脱出来，不能不自己安排活动，他们或许会全家驱车去看日落。
简析：含有两个过去分词短语。
43.It covered the whole distance from broken–hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast.
先是让人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端—变换得实在太快了。
简析：比喻形象生动。
44.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
他禁不住寻思起来，如果果真有哪些意料之外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的近期的人远在885英里以外的岛上。
简析：含虚拟语气。
45. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.
八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管如何说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十年，是活还是熬，全在于你如何看了。
简析：关键字endure 忍受。
46. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没达成共识。
简析：关键字break down失败，reach an agreement达成共识。
47. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.
这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没一次争吵。
简析：含主谓倒装句。
48. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.
要记住的是，伊德搞训练的想法根本没进餐用刀叉那样费力。
简析：含比较级句型。
49.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.
就在大家比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。
简析：关键字figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。
50.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice. I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .
因此当伊德来参加大家的比赛时,我发现他不只将衬衣的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到非常惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去肯定努力把自己练习好,维持非常不错的竞技状况。
简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推断。
状语从句是整个长难句一大难题。由于它的类型最多的，而且出现的地方也是灵活多变。稍微基础不牢的同学就容易跟其它从句混淆，进而在阅读理解中拖慢我们的速度。事实上，状语从句是高考考试从句中最易拿分的考试知识点。所谓打蛇打七寸，只须大家学会状语从句的“七寸”，那不论状语从句有多长多复杂，都可以唾手可得。
